Podstatou virtualizace je provoz v\u00edce odd\u011blen\u00fdch server\u016f na jednom fyzick\u00e9m hardware. To p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00faspory v po\u0159izovac\u00edch i provozn\u00edch n\u00e1kladech, zlep\u0161uje spr\u00e1vu, urychluje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a nasazen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho serveru a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme mluvit o tzv. pln\u00e9 virtualizaci<\/strong>, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me u n\u00e1s. U jin\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b setkat s jin\u00fdmi druhy virtualizace (nap\u0159. paravirtualizace).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Virtualizace<\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby na jednom fyzick\u00e9m serveru (na jednom hardware) b\u011b\u017eelo v\u00edce odd\u011blen\u00fdch server\u016f s vlastn\u00edm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. Fyzick\u00fd server ka\u017ed\u00e9mu takov\u00e9mu virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmu serveru emuluje virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed hardware (procesor, pam\u011b\u0165, disk, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 karta, mechaniky, perifern\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed). To, \u017ee je server virtualizovan\u00fd, v\u0161ak z\u00e1kazn\u00edk na prvn\u00ed pohled nepozn\u00e1. M\u00e1 sv\u016fj server s procesory, pam\u011bt\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi komponentami, na tom mu b\u011b\u017e\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m dle jeho volby, m\u00e1 k n\u011bmu pln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup a pracuje s n\u00edm jako kdyby tento jeho opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m b\u011b\u017eel na vlastn\u00edm hardware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cel\u00e9 je to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b o pen\u011bz\u00edch – virtualizace oproti klasick\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed \u00faspory. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to po\u0159izovac\u00edch i provozn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. C\u00edlem je, aby v\u00edce virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch server\u016f spole\u010dn\u011b sd\u00edlelo fyzick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujete provozovat ve sv\u00e9 firm\u011b n\u011bkolik server\u016f – souborov\u00fd server, po\u0161tovn\u00ed server, WWW server a \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed server. Z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f nechcete, aby v\u0161echny tyto slu\u017eby b\u011b\u017eely v jednom opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, a tak jedno z mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je zakoupit 4 fyzick\u00e9 servery. Ka\u017ed\u00fd takov\u00fd fyzick\u00fd server m\u00e1 svou sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148, procesory, pam\u011bti, s\u00ed\u0165ovou kartu, pevn\u00e9 disky a dal\u0161\u00ed komponenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jen\u017ee je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tyto 4 servery zdaleka nevyu\u017eij\u00ed v\u00fdkon hardware. Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd fakt, \u017eepr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e procesor\u016f na pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9m serveru je 15%<\/strong>. Zbyl\u00fdch 85% je tedy nevyu\u017eit\u00fdch. Ale i tak procesor spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek Watt\u016f jen t\u00edm, \u017ee existuje a \u017ee je zapnut\u00fd bez ohledu na to, zda je jeho v\u00fdkon vyu\u017eit \u010di nikoliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Podobn\u011b je to s nap\u00e1jec\u00edmi zdroji, se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed deskou serveru atd. Tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed konzumuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek Watt\u016f jen pro svou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010dinnost. I kdy\u017e server nebude zrovna v\u016fbec nic d\u011blat, jeho spot\u0159eba pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b neklesne pod 90 W<\/strong>. A to je vyhozen\u00fdch 90 W – budou v\u00e1s st\u00e1t cca 270 K\u010d m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, tedy 3240 K\u010d ro\u010dn\u011b na jednom serveru. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jste museli pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vynalo\u017eit stovky tis\u00edc na po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed 4 fyzick\u00fdch server\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm je tedy virtualizace. Po\u0159\u00edd\u00edte si nap\u0159. jen 1 server za \u010dtvrtinovou cenu a na n\u011bm zprovozn\u00edte virtualizaci a pob\u011b\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1m 4 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed servery. Ty budou sd\u00edlet v\u00fdkon procesor\u016f a tak\u00e9 si mezi sebe „rozd\u011bl\u00ed“ n\u00e1klady na provoz samotn\u00e9ho hardware. Jasn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 \u00faspora prostoru, kde se servery umis\u0165uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nov\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed servery se tak\u00e9 jednodu\u0161e z\u0159izuj\u00ed. Nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba zapojovat n\u011bjak\u00fd nov\u00fd hardware, \u010dasto je to na jedno kliknut\u00ed v n\u011bjak\u00e9 aplikaci. Tud\u00ed\u017e lze cel\u00e1 operace pln\u011b automatizovat, u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed se \u010das a pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V r\u00e1mci na\u0161ich slu\u017eeb tedy nab\u00edz\u00edme provoz virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch server\u016f na na\u0161ich fyzick\u00fdch serverech. Na jednom serveru jich provozujeme n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek, v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba elektrick\u00e9 energie na 1 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed server vych\u00e1z\u00ed na cca 4 W<\/strong>. To je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl, nemysl\u00edte? D\u00edky tomu to m\u016f\u017eeme nab\u00edzet tak levn\u011b – od 100 K\u010d m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b (bez DPH).<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fdkon procesor\u016f je sd\u00edlen\u00fd<\/strong>\u00a0– ka\u017ed\u00e9 VPS m\u00e1 jeden nebo v\u00edce virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed procesor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se spole\u010dn\u011b st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed o \u010das na fyzick\u00fdch procesorech. V\u00edce viz.\u00a0VPS – vysv\u011btlen\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch procesor\u016f<\/a>. Vyhrazen\u00fd v\u00fdkon procesor\u016f nenab\u00edz\u00edme, cel\u00e1 virtualizace by ztratila smysl a pl\u00fdtvali bychom nevyu\u017eit\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem serveru. Pak by tak\u00e9 na\u0161e slu\u017eby VPS musely b\u00fdt cenov\u011b jinde.\u00a0Pokud z\u00e1kazn\u00edk trv\u00e1 na nesd\u00edlen\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu, m\u016f\u017ee zvolit\u00a0dedikovan\u00e9 servery<\/strong><\/a>, kde m\u00e1 cel\u00fd fyzick\u00fd stroj jen pro sebe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pam\u011b\u0165 je vyhrazen\u00e1<\/strong>\u00a0– kolik si z\u00e1kazn\u00edk objedn\u00e1 opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti (RAM), tolik ji bude m\u00edt jen pro sebe. Se sd\u00edlen\u00edm pam\u011bti je to problematick\u00e9. Nav\u00edc u nesd\u00edlen\u00e9 pam\u011bti je v\u00fdhoda v tom, \u017ee opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm serveru, pou\u017eije nevyu\u017eitou pam\u011b\u0165 k cachov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f. V\u00edce viz. pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0cache souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pro plnou virtualizaci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me produkt KVM (Kernel-Base Virtual Machine)<\/strong>, b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed nad opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Linux. Viz. www.linux-kvm.org<\/a>. Jako alternativy existuj\u00ed nap\u0159. produkty VMWare, Microsoft Hyper-V a Oracle VirtualBox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pozor, nepl\u00e9st zde zm\u00edn\u011bnou zkratku KVM<\/strong> (Kernel-Base Virtual Machine) s dal\u0161\u00ed zkratkou KVM (Keyboard, Video, Mouse), zm\u00edn\u011bnou v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Na virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm serveru je mo\u017en\u00e9 provozovat libovoln\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/strong> – nap\u0159. Linux nebo Windows. Bu\u010f opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159edinstalujeme my dle po\u017eadavku z\u00e1kazn\u00edky p\u0159i z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo si m\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1kazn\u00edk OS nainstalovat s\u00e1m p\u0159ipojen\u00edm instala\u010dn\u00edho CD\/DVD (viz. d\u00e1le).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed server m\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed obrazovku, kl\u00e1vesnici, my\u0161 a CD\/DVD mechaniku. Ale proto\u017ee to jsou virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bci, tak jak se k nim dostat a jak je pou\u017e\u00edvat? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pomoc\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch program\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n KVM (neboli Keyboard, Video, Mouse)<\/strong>\u00a0je technologie, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstup k monitoru, kl\u00e1vesnici a my\u0161i vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Sta\u010d\u00ed si tedy ve sv\u00e9m dom\u00e1c\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010di nainstalovat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd program, p\u0159ipojit se vzd\u00e1len\u011b k virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmu serveru a na monitoru va\u0161eho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de se zobraz\u00ed obsah monitoru virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho serveru a k jeho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edvat svou my\u0161 a kl\u00e1vesnici, jako kdybyste sed\u011bli p\u0159\u00edmo u serveru. K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako\u00a0VNC<\/strong>. V\u00edce viz.\u00a0VPS – p\u0159\u00edstup k serveru p\u0159es VNC<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je tak\u00e9 pot\u0159eba, aby z\u00e1kazn\u00edci m\u011bli mo\u017enost ke sv\u00e9mu virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmu serveru\u00a0p\u0159ipojit n\u011bjak\u00e9 CD\/DVD<\/strong>, ze kter\u00e9ho si cht\u011bj\u00ed nainstalovat n\u011bjakou aplikaci (nebo dokonce samotn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m). I to je mo\u017en\u00e9 a d\u011bl\u00e1 se to p\u0159es z\u00e1kaznickou administraci, kde si z\u00e1kazn\u00edk vybere ze seznamu po\u017eadovan\u00e9 CD\/DVD a kliknut\u00edm si jej p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k serveru. Op\u011bt se to \u0159e\u0161\u00ed softwarov\u011b, na\u0161i technici nikam s CD\u010dkem neb\u011b\u017e\u00ed a nevkl\u00e1daj\u00ed ho do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mechaniky, proto\u017ee dan\u00e1 mechanika ani fyzicky neexistuje. V\u00edce viz.\u00a0VPS – p\u0159ipojen\u00ed CD\/DVD<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 se d\u011bje z pohodl\u00ed domova (\u010di kancel\u00e1\u0159e) z\u00e1kazn\u00edka – nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba nikam chodit a nic d\u011blat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Podstatou virtualizace je provoz v\u00edce odd\u011blen\u00fdch server\u016f na jednom fyzick\u00e9m hardware. To p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00faspory v po\u0159izovac\u00edch i provozn\u00edch n\u00e1kladech, zlep\u0161uje spr\u00e1vu, urychluje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a nasazen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho serveru a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[86],"class_list":["post-59623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sluzby","tag-vps"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59623"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59636,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59623\/revisions\/59636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}K \u010demu je virtualizace dobr\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Virtualizace u n\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00edstup k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho serveru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n