{"id":41138,"date":"2010-02-26T14:41:18","date_gmt":"2010-02-26T13:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.cz\/?p=41138"},"modified":"2020-09-01T14:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-09-01T12:42:18","slug":"jak-se-hasi-datacentrum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/jak-se-hasi-datacentrum","title":{"rendered":"Jak se has\u00ed datacentrum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Datacentrum je syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd nesm\u00ed nikdy selhat a nesm\u00ed jej nic ohrozit. Ani p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r nesm\u00ed zp\u016fsobit katastrofu. Nejde ani tak o ztracen\u00fd hardware, kter\u00fd se d\u00e1 nahradit, podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m je ztr\u00e1ta dat, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu ne\u017e onen hardware, na kter\u00e9m jsou ulo\u017eena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Prostor serverovny tedy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt velmi dob\u0159e zabezpe\u010den proti po\u017e\u00e1ru. Prvn\u00edm krokem je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zaveden\u00ed preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed tak, aby se co nejv\u00edce minimalizovalo riziko vzniku n\u011bjak\u00e9 zkratu, po\u017e\u00e1ru apod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nikdy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zkrat, po\u017e\u00e1r \u010di jinou podobnou ud\u00e1lost zcela vylou\u010dit. Serverovna se mus\u00ed budovat s t\u00edm, \u017ee se takov\u00e1 v\u011bc st\u00e1t prost\u011b m\u016f\u017ee, ale je pot\u0159eba tato rizika co nejv\u00edce minimalizovat. D\u016fvod je prost\u00fd &#8211; serverovna se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, skrz kter\u00e1 proud\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie, maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti, v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed &#8211; a \u010das od \u010dasu prost\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e1 porucha nastane. N\u011bkdy se projev\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159estane fungovat. V hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se stane n\u011bco v\u00edc. A proto je nutn\u00e9 b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraven pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee by preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed selhala a nastala havarijn\u00ed situace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Zabr\u00e1nit vzniku statick\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny &#8211; udr\u017eovat spr\u00e1vnou vlhkost vzduchu.<\/li><li>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 technologie m\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u011b uzemn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/li><li>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed m\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u011b ji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9. V extr\u00e9mn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed svoji vlastn\u00ed pojistku. N\u00e1sledkem zkratu v jednom za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by se m\u011blo od nap\u00e1jen\u00ed odpojit co nejm\u00e9n\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00ed.<\/li><li>Minimalizovat pohyb osob v prostoru serverovny &#8211; \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee v\u017edy n\u011bco \u00famysln\u011b \u010di ne\u00famysln\u011b zp\u016fsobit.<\/li><li>Db\u00e1t na bezpe\u010dnost pr\u00e1ce &#8211; nepou\u017e\u00edvat ohe\u0148, nevstupovat s ho\u0159lavinami apod.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy\u017e dojde k po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u017e\u00e1r v serverovn\u011b, to u\u017e je opravdu pr\u016f\u0161vih. Co v takov\u00e9m okam\u017eiku d\u011blat? Nic ned\u011blat a \u010dekat, a\u017e p\u0159ijedou hasi\u010di? To ur\u010dit\u011b ne &#8211; ne\u017e by p\u0159ijeli, bylo by po v\u0161em.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je tedy pot\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt hasit. Rozhodn\u011b se nesm\u00ed hasit vodou, proto\u017ee v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou pod proudem. Tak\u00e9 by se nem\u011blo hasit pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji &#8211; t\u00edm sice po\u017e\u00e1r bezpe\u010dn\u011b uhas\u00edte a nehroz\u00ed v\u00e1m \u00faraz elektrick\u00fdm proudem, av\u0161ak v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00edm zni\u010d\u00edte (nejen ta, kter\u00e1 ho\u0159\u00ed, ale i ta kolem, na kter\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 hasic\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ek dostane).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V serverovn\u011b p\u0159ipad\u00e1 v \u00favahu pouze plynov\u00e9 ha\u0161en\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm plynu, kter\u00fd nijak nepo\u0161kozuje elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. T\u00edm samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v plamenech, nezachr\u00e1n\u00edte (to u\u017e nezachr\u00e1n\u00edte ni\u010d\u00edm, ohe\u0148 jej prost\u011b zni\u010dil), ale nezni\u010d\u00edte t\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v okol\u00ed, kter\u00fdm plyn nijak neu\u0161kod\u00ed a mohou pracovat d\u00e1l. Je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt po serverovn\u011b dostate\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det ru\u010dn\u00edch hasic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, aby mohla obsluha co nejrychleji zas\u00e1hnout a uhasit lok\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stabiln\u00ed hasic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e dojde k nejhor\u0161\u00edmu, nastupuje tzv. SHZ, tedy stabiln\u00ed hasic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o automatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, has\u00edc\u00ed cel\u00fd prostor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SHZ se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00fast\u0159edna SHZ &#8211; \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/li><li>lahve s hasic\u00edm plynem (&#8222;bomby&#8220;) se spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edmi ventily<\/li><li>alarmov\u00e9 sir\u00e9ny<\/li><li>nouzov\u00e1 tla\u010d\u00edtka pro okam\u017eit\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ha\u0161en\u00ed (START)<\/li><li>nouzov\u00e1 tla\u010d\u00edtka pro okam\u017eit\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed ha\u0161en\u00ed (STOP)<\/li><li>detektory po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/li><li>hasic\u00ed trysky<\/li><li>potrub\u00ed pro rozvod hasiva z lahv\u00ed do trysek<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o komplexn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Po cel\u00e9m prostoru serverovny jsou rozvedeny trubky k rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm hasic\u00edm trysk\u00e1m. Je to n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho jako vodn\u00ed ha\u0161en\u00ed ze stropu, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt nap\u0159. v obchodn\u00edch centrech. Hasic\u00ed trysky jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny po strop\u011b a tak\u00e9 na podlaze (uvnit\u0159 zdvojen\u00e9 podlahy). K nim je p\u0159ivedeno hasivo z lahv\u00ed. Lahve jsou natlakovan\u00e9 a jsou napln\u011bn\u00e9 hasivem. Sou\u010dasn\u011b jsou po cel\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti rozm\u00edst\u011bny detektory, kter\u00e9 rozpoznaj\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r a kou\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy\u017e nastane po\u017e\u00e1r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Poplach za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v okam\u017eiku, kdy alespo\u0148&nbsp;<strong>2 detektory zjist\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r<\/strong><\/li><li>Spou\u0161t\u00ed se&nbsp;<strong>alarm<\/strong>, jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010delem je varovat pracovn\u00edky na vzniklou situaci &#8211; sv\u011bteln\u00e9 a zvukov\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li><li>Pracovn\u00edk se mus\u00ed ihned dostavit na m\u00edsto a zhodnotit situaci. Pokud se rozhodne, \u017ee je schopen po\u017e\u00e1r uhasit ru\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem, stiskne&nbsp;<strong>tla\u010d\u00edtko STOP<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se SHZ deaktivuje, a jde hasit. T\u00edm akce kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/li><li>Pokud pracovn\u00edk usoud\u00ed, \u017ee po\u017e\u00e1r je nad jeho s\u00edly, opust\u00ed m\u00edstnost a zvenku stiskne&nbsp;<strong>tla\u010d\u00edtko START<\/strong>. T\u00edm dojde k okam\u017eit\u00e9mu ha\u0161en\u00ed &#8211; na lahv\u00edch se otev\u0159ou ventily a hasic\u00ed plyn za\u010dne pod velk\u00fdm tlakem &#8222;tryskat&#8220; do cel\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika sekund \u010di minut (z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00e9 technologii a hasivu) se cel\u00fd prostor vypln\u00ed t\u00edmto plynem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se po\u017e\u00e1r udus\u00ed.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Syst\u00e9m se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nesm\u00ed spol\u00e9hat na&nbsp;<strong>lidsk\u00fd faktor<\/strong>. Je nastaven ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd interval, po kter\u00e9m za\u010dne hasit s\u00e1m. Tento interval slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu, aby n\u011bkdo p\u0159ib\u011bhl a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ha\u0161en\u00ed zastavil, pokud lze probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it jin\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poplach nenast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud probl\u00e9m hl\u00e1s\u00ed pouze jeden detektor &#8211; je to pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee by byl tento jeden detektor porouchan\u00fd a hl\u00e1sil poplach omylem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro\u010d ha\u0161en\u00ed zastavovat a nenechat v\u017edy SHZ, aby ud\u011blalo svou pr\u00e1ci? Je to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ot\u00e1zka pen\u011bz. Hasivo nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt levn\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plynu m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t des\u00edtky tis\u00edc a\u017e miliony korun. Z toho d\u016fvodu se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mal\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru SHZ odstav\u00ed a has\u00ed se ru\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstroji. Ov\u0161em kdy\u017e je po\u017e\u00e1r v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebo kdy\u017e nep\u0159ijde lidsk\u00e1 obsluha, nen\u00ed jin\u00e1 cesta ne\u017e ha\u0161en\u00ed spustit, jinak by mohlo doj\u00edt k mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed katastrof\u011b. Hasivo m\u016f\u017ee sice st\u00e1t n\u011bkolik milion\u016f, ale technologie a data, kter\u00e1 se t\u00edm zachr\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t stovky milion\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i ha\u0161en\u00ed tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed doj\u00edt k dal\u0161\u00edm automatick\u00fdm akc\u00edm. Prostor se mus\u00ed zcela ut\u011bsnit, aby vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 hasivo neut\u00edkalo &#8211; t\u00edm by se v\u0161e minulo \u00fa\u010dinkem. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se mus\u00ed automaticky zav\u0159\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u016fduchy, v\u011btrac\u00ed klapky, vypnout ventilace apod. Ale to v\u0161e se opravdu mus\u00ed st\u00e1t zcela samo bez nutnosti lidsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu, proto\u017ee jde o minuty a sekundy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hasivo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161echna hasiva pro technologick\u00e9 prostory mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat n\u011bkolik podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nesm\u00ed nijak po\u0161kodit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pod proudem.<\/li><li>Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b d\u00fdchateln\u00e1. Pokud v prostoru z\u016fstane osoba, nesm\u00ed ji to udusit (nap\u0159. kdy\u017e v prostoru le\u017e\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00e1 osoba \u010di jin\u00e1 osoba nestihne p\u0159ed startem ha\u0161en\u00ed ut\u00e9ct).<\/li><li>Nem\u011bla by negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00edlem nen\u00ed z prostoru vytla\u010dit ve\u0161ker\u00fd vzduch, to by se stal prostor ned\u00fdchateln\u00fdm. Po\u017e\u00e1r ustane, pokud pom\u011br kysl\u00edku ve vzduchu klesne pod ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148, ale tato \u00farove\u0148 st\u00e1le posta\u010duje pro d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. I tak je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 tento prostor opust\u00ed &#8211; i z toho d\u016fvodu se tla\u010d\u00edtko START nenach\u00e1z\u00ed uvnit\u0159 ha\u0161en\u00e9ho prostoru, ale vn\u011b u vstupn\u00edch dve\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Datacentrum je syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd nesm\u00ed nikdy selhat a nesm\u00ed jej nic ohrozit. Ani p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r nesm\u00ed zp\u016fsobit katastrofu. Nejde ani tak o ztracen\u00fd hardware, kter\u00fd se d\u00e1 nahradit, podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m je ztr\u00e1ta dat, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu ne\u017e onen hardware, na kter\u00e9m jsou ulo\u017eena.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41142,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41138\/revisions\/41142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wedos.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}